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    <p><a href="numerical.html"><img src="../images/HOME.GIF" alt="上へ戻る"
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    <h1>数学記号やギリシャ文字と実体参照</h1>
    <hr />
    <h2>1. 数学記号</h2>
    <p>数学記号のフォントをインストールしていないと、記号の表現として表示できないものが出てしまいます。</p>
    <table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6">
      <tr>
        <th>意味</th>
        <th>略称</th>
        <th>実体参照</th>
        <th>記号の表現</th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>掛ける</td>
        <td>multiply</td>
        <td>&amp;times;</td>
        <td>&times;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>掛ける</td>
        <td>multiply</td>
        <td>&amp;middot;</td>
        <td>&middot;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>掛ける</td>
        <td>multiply</td>
        <td>&amp;InvisibleTimes;</td>
        <td>&InvisibleTimes;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>割る</td>
        <td>divide</td>
        <td>&amp;divide;</td>
        <td>&divide;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>等しくはない</td>
        <td>不等号</td>
        <td>&amp;ne;</td>
        <td>&ne;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>約・近似</td>
        <td>about</td>
        <td>&amp;eDot;</td>
        <td>&eDot;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>近似</td>
        <td>近似</td>
        <td>&amp;sim;</td>
        <td>&sim;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>近似</td>
        <td>近似</td>
        <td>&amp;approx;</td>
        <td>&approx;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>比例</td>
        <td>比例</td>
        <td>&amp;prop;</td>
        <td>&prop;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>プラスマイナス</td>
        <td>プラスマイナス</td>
        <td>&amp;pm;</td>
        <td>&pm;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>マイナスプラス</td>
        <td>マイナスプラス</td>
        <td>&amp;mp;</td>
        <td>&mp;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>無限大</td>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
        <td>&amp;infin;</td>
        <td>&infin;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>実数部</td>
        <td>実数部</td>
        <td>&amp;Re;</td>
        <td>&Re;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>虚数部</td>
        <td>虚数部</td>
        <td>&amp;Im;</td>
        <td>&Im;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>虚数単位</td>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
        <td>&amp;ImaginaryI;</td>
        <td>&ImaginaryI;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>割り切れる</td>
        <td>割り切れる</td>
        <td>&amp;mid;</td>
        <td>&mid;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>割り切れない</td>
        <td>割り切れない</td>
        <td>&amp;nmid;</td>
        <td>&nmid;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>非常に小さい</td>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
        <td>&amp;Lt;</td>
        <td>&Lt;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>小さい</td>
        <td>less than</td>
        <td>&amp;lt;</td>
        <td>&lt;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>小さいか等しい</td>
        <td>less or equals</td>
        <td>&amp;le;</td>
        <td>&le;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>大きいか等しい</td>
        <td>greater or equals</td>
        <td>&amp;ge;</td>
        <td>&ge;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>大きい</td>
        <td>greater than</td>
        <td>&amp;gt;</td>
        <td>&gt;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>非常に大きい</td>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
        <td>&amp;Gt;</td>
        <td>&Gt;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>床関数（左記号）</td>
        <td>floor-l</td>
        <td>&amp;LeftFloor;</td>
        <td>&LeftFloor;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>床関数（右記号）</td>
        <td>floor-r</td>
        <td>&amp;RightFloor;</td>
        <td>&RightFloor;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>天井関数（左記号）</td>
        <td>ceil-l</td>
        <td>&amp;LeftCeiling;</td>
        <td>&LeftCeiling;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>天井関数（右記号）</td>
        <td>ceil-r</td>
        <td>&amp;RightCeiling;</td>
        <td>&RightCeiling;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>関数として作用する</td>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
        <td>&amp;ApplyFunction;</td>
        <td>&ApplyFunction;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>ノルム</td>
        <td>ノルム</td>
        <td>&amp;par;</td>
        <td>&par;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>点々点</td>
        <td>点々点</td>
        <td>&amp;ctdot;</td>
        <td>&ctdot;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>点々点</td>
        <td>点々点横</td>
        <td>&amp;hellip;</td>
        <td>&hellip;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>点々点</td>
        <td>点々点縦</td>
        <td>&amp;vellip;</td>
        <td>&vellip;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>点々点</td>
        <td>点々点斜め</td>
        <td>&amp;dtdot;</td>
        <td>&dtdot;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>上つきバー</td>
        <td>オーバー・バー</td>
        <td>&amp;OverBar;</td>
        <td>&OverBar;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>上つき {</td>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
        <td>&amp;OverBrace;</td>
        <td>&OverBrace;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>上つき (</td>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
        <td>&amp;OverParenthesis;</td>
        <td>&OverParenthesis;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>下つき }</td>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
        <td>&amp;UnderBrace;</td>
        <td>&UnderBrace;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>下つき )</td>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
        <td>&amp;UnderParenthesis;</td>
        <td>&UnderParenthesis;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>定義・等価</td>
        <td>define・equivalents</td>
        <td>&amp;equiv;</td>
        <td>&equiv;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>したがって・結局</td>
        <td>therefore</td>
        <td>&amp;therefore;</td>
        <td>&therefore;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>何故なら</td>
        <td>because</td>
        <td>&amp;because;</td>
        <td>&because;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>関数として作用する</td>
        <td>作用</td>
        <td>&amp;ApplyFunction;</td>
        <td>&ApplyFunction;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>右矢</td>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
        <td>&amp;rarr;</td>
        <td>&rarr;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>左矢</td>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
        <td>&amp;larr;</td>
        <td>&larr;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>級数</td>
        <td>総和</td>
        <td>&amp;sum;</td>
        <td>&sum;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>積記号</td>
        <td>積</td>
        <td>&amp;prod;</td>
        <td>&prod;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>微分記号</td>
        <td>微分</td>
        <td>&amp;DifferentialD;</td>
        <td>&DifferentialD;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>偏微分記号</td>
        <td>偏微分</td>
        <td>&amp;PartialD;</td>
        <td>&PartialD;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>偏微分記号</td>
        <td>ナブラ</td>
        <td>&amp;nabla</td>
        <td>&nabla;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>積分記号</td>
        <td>積分</td>
        <td>&amp;int;</td>
        <td>&int;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>全周積分</td>
        <td>全周積分</td>
        <td>&amp;conint;</td>
        <td>&conint;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>積分記号</td>
        <td>二重積分</td>
        <td>&amp;Int;</td>
        <td>&Int;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>積分記号</td>
        <td>三重積分</td>
        <td>&amp;tint;</td>
        <td>&tint;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>ハミルトン演算子</td>
        <td>ハミルトニアン</td>
        <td>&amp;hamilt;</td>
        <td>&hamilt;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>プランク定数</td>
        <td>プランクの h</td>
        <td>&amp;planckh;</td>
        <td>&planckh;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>プランク定数</td>
        <td>プランクの h-bar</td>
        <td>&amp;plankv;</td>
        <td>&plankv;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>計算量</td>
        <td>オーダー</td>
        <td>&amp;bigcirc;</td>
        <td>&bigcirc;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>適当な・ある</td>
        <td>存在する</td>
        <td>&amp;exist;</td>
        <td>&exist;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>すべての</td>
        <td>任意な</td>
        <td>&amp;forall;</td>
        <td>&forall;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>論理和</td>
        <td>OR</td>
        <td>&amp;or;</td>
        <td>&or;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>論理積</td>
        <td>AND</td>
        <td>&amp;and;</td>
        <td>&and;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>否定論理</td>
        <td>NOT</td>
        <td>&amp;not;</td>
        <td>&not;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>排他的論理和</td>
        <td>排他的論理和</td>
        <td>&amp;oplus;</td>
        <td>&oplus;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>アレフ</td>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
        <td>&amp;aleph;</td>
        <td>&aleph;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>直和</td>
        <td>直和</td>
        <td>&amp;oplus;</td>
        <td>&oplus;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>直積</td>
        <td>直積</td>
        <td>&amp;otimes;</td>
        <td>&otimes;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>集合に含まれる</td>
        <td>includes</td>
        <td>&amp;in;</td>
        <td>&in;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>部分集合</td>
        <td>部分集合</td>
        <td>&amp;subset;</td>
        <td>&subset;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>部分集合</td>
        <td>部分集合</td>
        <td>&amp;subseteq</td>
        <td>&subseteq;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>必要十分条件・同値</td>
        <td>iff (if and only if)</td>
        <td>&amp;iff;</td>
        <td>&iff;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>であれば、すなわち</td>
        <td>Implies</td>
        <td>&amp;Implies;</td>
        <td>&Implies;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>証明終わり</td>
        <td>E.O.P.</td>
        <td>&amp;marker;</td>
        <td>&marker;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>自然数全体の集合</td>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
        <td>&amp;naturals;</td>
        <td>&naturals;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>整数全体の集合</td>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
        <td>&amp;integers;</td>
        <td>&integers;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>有理数全体の集合</td>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
        <td>&amp;rationals;</td>
        <td>&rationals;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>実数全体の集合</td>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
        <td>&amp;reals;</td>
        <td>&reals;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>複素数全体の集合</td>
        <td>&nbsp;</td>
        <td>&amp;complexes;</td>
        <td>&complexes;</td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>2. ギリシャ文字</h2>
    <p>ギリシャ文字に対応する実体参照は、&amp; 記号のあとにギリシャ文字の英語表記を連ね、最後に ; で終わればよい。たとえば、</p>
    <p style="margin-left: 3em">&amp;alpha; &rarr; &alpha;、&amp;phi; &rarr; &phi;、&amp;pi; &rarr; &pi;</p>
    <p>英語表記の先頭の一文字が大文字だと、ギリシャ文字は大文字になる。たとえば、</p>
    <p style="margin-left: 3em">&amp;Alpha; &rarr; &Alpha;、&amp;Phi; &rarr; &Phi;、&amp;Pi; &rarr; &Pi;</p>
    <table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4">
      <tr>
        <th>大文字の実体参照</th>
        <th>大文字の表示</th>
        <th>小文字の実体参照</th>
        <th>小文字の表示</th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>&amp;Alpha;</td>
        <td>&Alpha;</td>
        <td>&amp;alpha;</td>
        <td>&alpha;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>&amp;Beta;</td>
        <td>&Beta;</td>
        <td>&amp;beta;</td>
        <td>&beta;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>&amp;Gamma;</td>
        <td>&Gamma;</td>
        <td>&amp;gamma;</td>
        <td>&gamma;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>&amp;Delta;</td>
        <td>&Delta;</td>
        <td>&amp;delta;</td>
        <td>&delta;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>&amp;Epsilon;</td>
        <td>&Epsilon;</td>
        <td>&amp;epsilon;</td>
        <td>&epsilon;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>&amp;Zeta;</td>
        <td>&Zeta;</td>
        <td>&amp;zeta;</td>
        <td>&zeta;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>&amp;Eta;</td>
        <td>&Eta;</td>
        <td>&amp;eta;</td>
        <td>&eta;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>&amp;Theta;</td>
        <td>&Theta;</td>
        <td>&amp;theta;</td>
        <td>&theta;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>&amp;Iota;</td>
        <td>&Iota;</td>
        <td>&amp;iota;</td>
        <td>&iota;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>&amp;Kappa;</td>
        <td>&Kappa;</td>
        <td>&amp;kappa;</td>
        <td>&kappa;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>&amp;Lambda;</td>
        <td>&Lambda;</td>
        <td>&amp;lambda;</td>
        <td>&lambda;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>&amp;Mu;</td>
        <td>&Mu;</td>
        <td>&amp;mu;</td>
        <td>&mu;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>&amp;Nu;</td>
        <td>&Nu;</td>
        <td>&amp;nu;</td>
        <td>&nu;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>&amp;Xi;</td>
        <td>&Xi;</td>
        <td>&amp;xi;</td>
        <td>&xi;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>&amp;Omicron;</td>
        <td>&Omicron;</td>
        <td>&amp;omicron;</td>
        <td>&omicron;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>&amp;Pi;</td>
        <td>&Pi;</td>
        <td>&amp;pi;</td>
        <td>&pi;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>&amp;Rho;</td>
        <td>&Rho;</td>
        <td>&amp;rho;</td>
        <td>&rho;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>&amp;Sigma;</td>
        <td>&Sigma;</td>
        <td>&amp;sigma;</td>
        <td>&sigma;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>&amp;Tau;</td>
        <td>&Tau;</td>
        <td>&amp;tau;</td>
        <td>&tau;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>&amp;Upsilon;</td>
        <td>&Upsilon;</td>
        <td>&amp;upsilon;</td>
        <td>&upsilon;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>&amp;Phi;</td>
        <td>&Phi;</td>
        <td>&amp;phi;</td>
        <td>&phi;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>&amp;Chi;</td>
        <td>&Chi;</td>
        <td>&amp;chi;</td>
        <td>&chi;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>&amp;Psi;</td>
        <td>&Psi;</td>
        <td>&amp;psi;</td>
        <td>&psi;</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>&amp;Omega;</td>
        <td>&Omega;</td>
        <td>&amp;omega;</td>
        <td>&omega;</td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <h2>3. 文字実体参照の定義</h2>
        <p>数学記号以外の文字実体参照は、<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-xhtml-modularization-20060705/dtd_module_defs.html#a_xhtml_character_entities"
        ><span id="c-ent"
        onmouseover="mouseOver('c-ent', 'over')"
        onmouseout="mouseOver('c-ent', '')"
        >DTDの実装 F.1. XHTML Character Entities</span></a> に規定される。</p>
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